Peroxynitrite Mediates Neurotoxicity of Amyloid β-Peptide1–42- and Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Microglia

Peroxynitrite mediates neurotoxicity of amyloid beta-peptide1-42- and lipopolysaccharide-activated microglia.

The amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) activates microglia and promotes the generation of cytokines and oxygen species, including nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), which can be either neurotoxic or neuroprotective. We show that neuron death in cocultures of rat cortical microglia and neurons activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Abeta1-42 plus interferon gamma (IFNgamm...

FcγRIIb mediates amyloid-β neurotoxicity and memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) induces neuronal loss and cognitive deficits and is believed to be a prominent cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the cellular pathology of the disease is not fully understood. Here, we report that IgG Fcγ receptor II-b (FcγRIIb) mediates Aβ neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. We found that FcγRIIb is significantly upregulated in the hippocampus of AD brains and neurona...

Neurotoxicity of amyloid β-protein: synaptic and network dysfunction.

Evidence for an ever-expanding variety of molecular mediators of amyloid β-protein neurotoxicity (membrane lipids, receptor proteins, channel proteins, second messengers and related signaling cascades, cytoskeletal proteins, inflammatory mediators, etc.) has led to the notion that the binding of hydrophobic Aβ assemblies to cellular membranes triggers multiple effects affecting diverse pathways...

Mespilus germanica leaves flavonoids improve passive avoidance memory and apoptosis in a rat model of amyloid-β neurotoxicity

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common progressive, neurodegenerative disorder with no preventive or curative therapy until now. Use of natural products as an important source of neuroprotective flavonoids against AD has been considered recently. In this study, the effect of Mespilus germanica leaves (MGL) flavonoids treatment on memory dysfunction and apoptosis in the amyloid beta ...

Amyloid-β Protofibril Formation and Neurotoxicity Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease